Gambling Addiction
Gambling remains a much-loved leisure activity in Australia. A 2023 study found that 73% of adults placed at least one bet in the previous year*, and nearly two in five said they gambled weekly.
The excitement is hard to beat, and the rise of online platforms has made betting easier to access than ever. For those who punt purely for fun, the risk of addiction is low. But for anyone treating gambling as more than entertainment, the picture can change.
Below is a detailed guide covering what gambling addiction is, its forms, the harms it can cause, and practical ways to seek help.
An Overview of Gambling Addiction: What Does It Mean?
Gambling addiction occurs when someone cannot rein in the urge to gamble, even while recognising the harm it causes. It goes far beyond an occasional flutter; it becomes a persistent pattern that can trigger major personal, financial, and social difficulties.
The condition can appear in different stages, with varying degrees of control:
- Compulsive gambling
- Binge gambling
- Problem gambling
What is Compulsive Gambling?
This is the most severe form of the disorder. The person loses the ability to resist a powerful drive to gamble. Winning or losing fades into the background; placing bets becomes the central focus of daily life.
Whether they’re ahead or behind, a compulsive gambler feels compelled to continue. The cycle persists even when the consequences are serious. At this stage, the rush of gambling outweighs rational decision-making.
The damage extends beyond money. Compulsive betting can upend routines, strain relationships, and undermine overall wellbeing.
What is Binge Gambling?
Binge gambling is more episodic. Addictive behaviours appear in bursts—days, weeks, or months may pass without obvious issues.
During a binge, someone who seemed in control can slip into compulsive patterns, struggling to stop regardless of outcomes.
When the episode ends, they may revert to typical habits. This on-off pattern makes it harder for the person—and those around them—to recognise the seriousness. Left unchecked, binges can become more frequent and escalate.
Problem Gambling
Problem gambling sits between binge and compulsive gambling. People still wrestle with control, but the urge may not be constant or disruptive in every area of life.
Financial losses are common, often driven by chasing losses—betting more to claw back previous defeats. Some cross lines, such as borrowing to fund play, hoping for a big win to fix everything.
What are the Negative Effects of Gambling Problems?
Gambling issues can trigger a wide range of harms.
Financial Strain
The most immediate impact is financial. Heavy gambling can lead to mounting losses, debt, and instability. Chasing losses often deepens the hole.
Mental Health Issues and Addiction
Ongoing pressure can contribute to anxiety, depression, and stress. The rollercoaster of wins and losses takes a toll. Some people turn to alcohol or drugs to cope, creating a risk of substance misuse.
Relationship Breakdown
As gambling takes priority, other parts of life—especially relationships—can be neglected. Financial strain and secrecy can breed conflict, mistrust, and, ultimately, breakdowns in family and social connections.
Educational and Job Disruption
Focus and productivity can slip. Students may see grades fall; workers might miss deadlines or underperform. Preoccupation with betting can derail academic and career progress if it’s not addressed.
Physical Health Issues
The harms aren’t only psychological. Stress can show up physically as insomnia, headaches, and other ailments. People may also neglect healthy eating and exercise while caught in addictive patterns.
How Common is Gambling Addiction in Australia?
With 38% of Australians gambling each week, it’s little surprise that more than 300,000 people are estimated to experience gambling addiction**. A further 1.6 million are considered at risk. The sections below outline participation across different groups.
Gambling in the Australian Adult Population
In 2022, the Australian Gambling Research Centre examined adult gambling habits to gauge participation and harm. It found 73% of people aged 18+ spent money on at least one gambling product in the past 12 months***.
Lotteries were the most popular (64%), followed by race betting (39%), sports betting (34%), and poker machines (33%)***. Among those who gambled, the average number of product types used was two, and 23% tried six or more.
Gambling Among Young People in Australia
Insights from ‘Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)’ track around 10,000 children and their families. In Wave 7 (2016), focusing on the K cohort, about 1 in 6 teens aged 16–17 (16%) reported underage gambling within the prior year.
As the same group moved into ages 18–19, participation increased—46% reported spending money on gambling. Common activities included poker machines (30%), instant scratchies (15%), casino table games (13%), racing (12%), and sports betting (12%)***.
Gambling Expenditure Data
Looking at spending in 2019–20, Australians wagered more than $174 billion, with net losses of $21.2 billion****. That total was down from $25.9 billion the previous year and $22.9 billion in 2001–02***.
The overall decline in 2019–20 was largely due to reduced land-based gambling—casino activity fell 29% and pub/club pokies dropped 21%***—reflecting venue closures during COVID-19 restrictions.
Spending is highest in the most populous states and territories: New South Wales led with $9.6 billion, followed by Victoria at $4.6 billion and Queensland at $3.9 billion***.
Machine numbers mirror this concentration. NSW has about 91,675 pokies—roughly 48% of the national total—followed by Queensland (44,918; 24%) and Victoria (29,404; 15%).
Measuring Gambling-Related Harm Among People Who Gamble
Research from 2022 indicates that 46% of adult gamblers were at risk of, or already experiencing, gambling harm. Risk levels varied across low, moderate, and high categories.
There were notable differences by gender and age: 53% of men who gambled were classed as at risk versus 38% of women, while those aged 18–34 were more likely to experience harm***.
ACMA
The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is an independent Commonwealth regulator formed on 1 July 2005 through the merger of the Australian Broadcasting Authority and the Australian Communications Authority. It oversees broadcasting, radiocommunications, telecommunications, and online content.
ACMA has a key role in gambling oversight. Working with industry and government, it promotes safe, fair, and responsible conduct.
Central to this is the Interactive Gambling Taskforce, which monitors compliance with the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (IGA) and enforces the National Consumer Protection Framework for Online Wagering.
The framework sets minimum consumer protections, including BetStop—the National Self-Exclusion Register, enabling people to exclude from all Australian-licensed wagering services for periods from three months to a lifetime.
ACMA also points people to help services and information for those experiencing gambling harm.
Australia Gambling Addiction Help Organisations
Gambling Help Online is the national service for people affected by gambling in Australia. Available 24/7, it offers immediate support via the National Gambling Helpline on 1800 858 858, plus real-time web chat, email, and forums for confidential assistance.
The forums foster peer connection and recovery—people can share progress, learn strategies, and support others. Resources extend to friends and family members, not just those directly affected.
Australia Gambling Addiction Help Organisations by State
While Gambling Help Online operates nationwide, additional state-based services are available.
| State | Organisation |
|---|---|
| South Australia | Relationships Australia South Australia |
| Victoria | Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation |
How Do You Identify If You Have a Problem?
Admitting there’s an issue is the first step towards change. Watch for warning signs in yourself—or a loved one—as they can be subtle and easy to miss.
Track your sessions in a private log: note stake sizes, wins, and losses. Look for patterns—especially urges to keep betting after a loss. Recognising a habit early makes it easier to get back in control.
What are the Signs of Gambling Addiction?
The American Psychiatric Association (2018) lists criteria for gambling disorder. Warning signs include:
- Betting larger amounts to get the same thrill.
- Repeated, unsuccessful attempts to cut back or stop.
- Irritability or restlessness when trying to reduce or quit.
- Gambling when distressed.
- Frequent preoccupation with gambling—reliving past play or planning how to fund it.
- Chasing losses.
- Damaging or abandoning important work, study, or relationships due to gambling.
- Relying on others for money because of gambling problems.
- Lying to hide the extent of losses or play.
A clinical diagnosis typically requires at least four of these. Self-assessment alone isn’t enough—seek a professional evaluation, as denial and blind spots are common.
What Causes Gambling Addiction?
While easy access can increase exposure, there is no single cause. A mix of factors—age, gender, mental health, and more—can raise risk. Contributing influences include:
Psychological Factors
Misconceptions fuel risky play. The gambler’s fallacy—believing past results change the odds of the next bet—can lead to overconfidence after wins or stubborn chasing after losses. Even with strategy, gambling remains a game of chance; there are no guarantees.
Perceived control after a lucky run can also push stakes higher, ignoring the random nature of outcomes.
Biological Factors
Biology matters. Gambling triggers dopamine release, producing a euphoric rush similar to stimulant effects. Some people keep betting to recapture that high, which can entrench unhealthy habits.
Social Factors
Environment and life pressures play a role. Stress at work or home, loneliness, and limited support can make gambling feel like an escape. Isolation—such as during lockdowns—can also amplify risks.
Steps to Stopping Addiction
Recovery is a staged process focused on regaining control and addressing both emotional and practical challenges created by harmful gambling.
Getting Treatment for Gambling Addiction in Australia
There’s no one-size-fits-all solution, but several treatments have strong track records:
Seeing a Therapist
Like other addictions, counselling is often central to recovery. A qualified clinician can assess your situation and tailor therapy. Choose someone experienced in gambling-related cases.
Medical Treatment
There’s no specific medication for gambling disorder, but doctors may treat co-occurring issues such as depression or anxiety with appropriate medicines, including antidepressants or anti-seizure drugs, depending on symptoms.
Group Support
Peer support complements professional care. Programs like Gamblers Anonymous provide community, accountability, and practical tools. Combined with therapy, this can accelerate recovery.
Self-Exclusion and Other Solutions
Personal safeguards matter. Aim to practise responsible gambling by controlling time and spend. Many sites provide tools such as:
- Personal limits
- Reality checks
- Cooling-off periods
- Self-exclusion
Personal Limits
Set caps on deposits and wagers to prevent overspending. These tools help keep play within pre-set boundaries.
Reality Checks
Regular on-screen reminders show how long you’ve been playing. Intervals can often be set to suit the platform (for example, every 30 or 60 minutes).
Cooling-Off Periods
Ideal for a short break. Activating this feature locks your account for a chosen time—from 24 hours to several months.
Self-Exclusion
For longer breaks, self-exclusion blocks access entirely. Periods typically range from three months up to five years.
How to Help a Person with a Gambling Addiction
Spotting the signs in someone close can be tricky. Look for secrecy around gambling, strained relationships, or admissions that things may be getting out of hand. If you see these, approach with care.
Avoid judgement or ultimatums. Many people want help but struggle to ask. Once you’ve recognised the problem, consider the following:
- Approach with Understanding: Use supportive, non-judgemental language. Emphasise that you’re there to help.
- Educate Yourself: Learn about gambling disorder so you can offer informed support.
- Avoid Enabling Behaviours: Don’t pay off debts or cover losses; this can perpetuate the cycle. Instead, help them find services such as financial counselling.
- Encourage Professional Help: Suggest therapy, support groups, or specialised programs—and offer to help with the logistics.
- Participate in the Treatment Process: Where appropriate, join sessions, attend family counselling, and provide steady encouragement.
Your tone and approach can make a real difference. A supportive environment helps people feel safe to seek treatment.
Myths and Facts to Note About Problem Gambling and Addiction
Misconceptions persist about gambling harm. The table below sets common myths against the facts.
| Myths | Facts |
|---|---|
| Offering financial aid is a helpful way to assist a loved one dealing with a gambling problem, especially by paying off their debts or resolving financial difficulties. | Well-meaning bailouts can create a safety net that enables further gambling. Rather than reducing risk, they may encourage more high-risk behaviour. Support should focus on sustainable solutions like counselling and budgeting help. |
| Gambling becomes problematic only when the individual cannot financially bear the losses incurred. | Harm isn’t only financial. People can face serious work, study, and relationship issues long before money runs out. |
| Responsible people can’t suffer from gambling problems. | Anyone can develop a gambling disorder, regardless of how responsible they are in other parts of life. It’s a health issue that can require treatment. |
| Problem gambling affects only adults; children or young people are immune | Young people do engage with gambling, often via digital channels, and can be influenced by family exposure. Early contact can shape attitudes and behaviours later on. |
| Individuals who gamble occasionally cannot be problem gamblers | Frequency isn’t the only marker. Even occasional bouts can reflect compulsive patterns if they meet diagnostic criteria. |
Gambling Addiction Resources in Australia
Australia has a range of services to address gambling harm. The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is one key body. Those struggling can seek professional support through the organisations listed here.
Additional Resources
Beyond local services, Australians can access the following:
- Gamblers Anonymous
- GamCare
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- The National Council on Problem Gambling
- National Problem Gambling Helpline Network
Gamblers Anonymous
Founded in 1957, Gamblers Anonymous (http://www.gamblersanonymous.org/ga/) is open to anyone who wants to stop gambling. Its 12-step program supports recovery. Related groups include Gam-A-Teen (for children of problem gamblers) and Gam-Anon (for loved ones).
The National Council on Problem Gambling
The NCPG (http://www.ncpgambling.org/), established in 1972, funds and supports services for individuals, families, and communities affected by gambling. It is neutral on gambling legalisation. The website provides education, treatment information, and a directory of qualified counsellors.
National Problem Gambling Helpline Network
Operated through the NCPG, this network connects callers with local assistance. The number is 800-522-4700.
GamCare
GamCare (http://www.gamcare.org.uk/) offers non-judgemental counselling and support, including live chat, forums, and online resources. The helpline is 0808 8020 133.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
SAMHSA (https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline/)—part of the US Department of Health & Human Services—runs a free, confidential National Helpline for mental health and substance use concerns, including gambling. Call 1-800-662-4357.
Gambling Addiction Help Worldwide
| Country | Organisation | Contact |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Juego Responsable | 0800-333-0333 |
| Belgium | Vlaams Expertisecentrum Alcohol En Andere Drugs | 02-423-03-33 |
| Brazil | Jogadores Anônimos | (11) 3229-1023 |
| Canada | ProblemGambling | 1-866-531-2600 |
| Chile | Psicólogos Ludopatía Chile | 9-222-3860 |
| Germany | Spielen mit Verantwortung: Glücksspielsucht | 0800-1 37 27 00 |
| Spain | Federación Española de Jugadores de Azar Rehabilitados | 900-200-225 |
| France | International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) | +33 (0)2 40 84 76 20 |
| Italy | TVNGA | 800-55-88-22 |
| Netherlands | AGOG | 0900-2177721 |
| Norway | Hjelpelinjen | 800-800-40 |
| Austria | Spielsuchthilfe | (1) 544-13-57 |
| Portugal | Jogo Responsável | 213-950-911 |
| Switzerland | Sucht Schweiz | 021-321-29-11 |
| Sweden | Stödlinjen | 020-819-100 |
References and Sources
* Gambling participation and experience of harm in Australia
https://aifs.gov.au/research/research-snapshots/gambling-participation-and-experience-harm-australia
** Gambling Addiction in Australia: Highest Percentage of Gamblers in the World: https://www.thecabinsydney.com.au/blog/gambling-addiction-in-australia-highest-percentage-of-gamblers-in-the-world/
*** Gambling in Australia
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/gambling
**** How much do Australians lose on gambling: https://www.savings.com.au/savings-accounts/gambling-statistics-australia
Gambling participation and experience of harm in Australia: https://aifs.gov.au/research/research-snapshots/gambling-participation-and-experience-harm-australia
Australia’s gambling addiction extends far beyond high rollers: https://asia.nikkei.com/Life-Arts/Life/Australia-s-gambling-addiction-extends-far-beyond-high-rollers
What is gambling disorder: https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/gambling-disorder/what-is-gambling-disorder
Myths about gambling addiction: http://gamblingaddiction.org.uk/myths.html
Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/addictions/gambling-addiction-and-problem-gambling.htm